Journal: Nature

Article Title: Arctic Ocean annual high in \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${{\boldsymbol{p}}}_{{{\bf{CO}}}_{{\bf{2}}}}$$\end{document} p CO 2 could shift from winter to summer

doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-05205-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: a – d , Evolution of CMIP means averaged over the Arctic domain for annual highs and lows ( a , b ), where the angle is the month and the radius is the atmospheric CO level, and the full seasonal cycle ( c , d ). a , CMIP5 results (historical + RCP8.5) for \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${p}_{{{\rm{CO}}}_{2}}^{{\prime} }$$\end{document} p CO ′ (black), sea surface temperature (light blue) and NPP (green). b , CMIP6 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${p}_{{{\rm{CO}}}_{2}}^{{\prime} }$$\end{document} p CO ′ in four SSP scenarios. Shown are annual highs (solid) and lows (dashed) and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${p}_{{{\rm{CO}}}_{2}}^{{\prime} }$$\end{document} p CO ′ crossover points (large open circles). The low for NPP is indistinct (Fig. ) and not shown. Encircled points are the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${p}_{{{\rm{CO}}}_{2}}$$\end{document} p CO data product . Small circles mark the end of decades (2100, 2090, 2080 and so on) but end in 2090 for SSP5-8.5. c , d , Evolution of the full seasonal cycle (decadal averages) of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${p}_{{{\rm{CO}}}_{2}}^{{\prime} }$$\end{document} p CO ′ in CMIP5 ( c ) and CMIP6 ( d ) means occurs in three stages: (1) no maximum in summer (black), (2) positive secondary maximum in summer (light blue) and (3) annual maximum in summer (orange). The thick orange line indicates the first decade reaching stage 3; line patterns distinguish different decades. This evolution pathway is the rule among models but some do not make the full journey (Supplementary Figs. and ).

Article Snippet: For example, in the Barents Sea, all CMIP models assessed already simulate an annual high in regional mean \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${p}_{{{\rm{CO}}}_{2}}^{{\prime} }$$\end{document} p CO 2 ′ in summer or they project crossover by 2100 under high-end emissions; the same holds in the Kara and Chukchi seas barring one CMIP5 model (Supplementary Figs. and ).

Techniques:

Journal: Nature

Article Title: Arctic Ocean annual high in \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${{\boldsymbol{p}}}_{{{\bf{CO}}}_{{\bf{2}}}}$$\end{document} p CO 2 could shift from winter to summer

doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-05205-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: Seasonal evolution of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${p}_{{{\rm{CO}}}_{2}}$$\end{document} p CO 2 -related drivers in the CMIP models for their timing of a, d , sea-ice retreat and regrowth (see ), b, e , annual high of net primary production, and c, f , annual low and high of temperature are shown for both a–c , CMIP5 RCP8.5 and d–f , CMIP6 SSP5-8.5. Curves indicate Arctic domain averages for each model, while red points are for the observation-based product of sea-ice concentration . Plot characteristics are as in Fig. and Extended Data Fig. .

Article Snippet: For example, in the Barents Sea, all CMIP models assessed already simulate an annual high in regional mean \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${p}_{{{\rm{CO}}}_{2}}^{{\prime} }$$\end{document} p CO 2 ′ in summer or they project crossover by 2100 under high-end emissions; the same holds in the Kara and Chukchi seas barring one CMIP5 model (Supplementary Figs. and ).

Techniques: Concentration Assay